According to a recent report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), global defence expenditures reached a staggering $2.46 trillion in 2024, with projections indicating further increases in 2025. As nations prioritize national security and modernize their armed forces, the competition to maintain military superiority has intensified.
1. United States
The United States remains the undisputed leader in military spending, with a defence budget projected to exceed $900 billion in 2025. The U.S. allocates a significant portion of its budget to advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, cyber warfare, and next-generation fighter jets.
2. China
China continues to close the gap with the U.S., with its defence budget expected to reach approximately $400 billion in 2025. The country’s focus on modernizing its navy, expanding its missile capabilities, and developing cutting-edge technologies like hypersonic weapons underscores its ambition to challenge American supremacy in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.
3. India
India ranks third in global military spending, with a defence budget of around $100 billion in 2025. As one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India has significantly increased its defence expenditures to address regional security challenges, particularly along its borders with China and Pakistan. The country is also investing heavily in indigenous defence manufacturing, with initiatives like “Make in India” aimed at reducing reliance on foreign arms imports.
4. Russia
Despite economic challenges exacerbated by international sanctions, Russia maintains a robust defence budget of approximately $90 billion in 2025. The country prioritizes nuclear modernization, advanced missile systems, and cyber capabilities to counter NATO’s influence and maintain its status as a global military power.
5. United Kingdom
The United Kingdom allocates around $75 billion to defence in 2025, focusing on maintaining its position as a leading military power in Europe. The UK invests in its Royal Navy, including the development of new aircraft carriers, and continues to play a key role in NATO operations.
6. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s defence budget of approximately $70 billion in 2025 reflects its commitment to regional security and its ongoing involvement in conflicts like the Yemen war. The country is one of the largest importers of arms globally, with a focus on air defence systems and advanced fighter jets.
7. France
France spends around $65 billion on defence in 2025, emphasizing its independent military capabilities and nuclear deterrence. The country is also a key player in European defence initiatives and has been actively involved in counterterrorism operations in Africa and the Middle East.
8. Germany
Germany’s defence budget of about $60 billion in 2025 marks a significant increase, driven by its commitment to meeting NATO’s spending targets. The country is modernizing its armed forces and investing in next-generation tanks, drones, and cyber defence systems.
9. Japan
Japan allocates approximately $55 billion to defence in 2025, reflecting its growing concerns over regional security threats, particularly from China and North Korea. The country is investing in missile defence systems, stealth fighters, and naval capabilities to bolster its self-defence posture.
10. South Korea
South Korea rounds out the top 10 with a defence budget of around $50 billion in 2025. The country faces constant threats from North Korea and is investing heavily in missile defence, advanced artillery systems, and cyber warfare capabilities.
India’s Rising Defence Ambitions
India’s position as the third-largest spender on defence highlights its growing strategic importance on the global stage. The country faces a complex security environment, with ongoing tensions with China along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and persistent threats from Pakistan.
Initiatives like the Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy (DPEPP) aim to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce dependency on imports. India is also strengthening its partnerships with key allies, including the United States, France, and Israel, to acquire advanced technologies and enhance its military capabilities.
Conclusion
The global defence landscape in 2025 is shaped by rising expenditures, technological advancements, and shifting alliances. While the United States and China dominate the top spots, countries like India are making significant strides to secure their positions in an increasingly multipolar world. As geopolitical tensions persist.
